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Perseverance Rover Finds Potential Signs Life Once Existed on Mars
NASA rover Perseverance samples from the Jezero Crater on Mars may hold clearest signs of life yet detected.

What Happened?
A physical sample collected by NASA’s Perseverance rover from the Jezero Crater on Mars could contain evidence of ancient microbial life. Taken from a rock named ‘Cheyava Falls’ last year, the sample, called ‘Sapphire Canyon,’ contains potential biosignatures, according to a paper published Wednesday in the journal Nature.
‘This finding by Perseverance is the closest we have ever come to discovering life on Mars. The identification of a potential biosignature on the Red Planet is a groundbreaking discovery, and one that will advance our understanding of Mars,’ said acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy.
Why it Matters
Perseverance’s science instruments found that the formation’s sedimentary rocks are composed of clay and silt, which, on Earth, are excellent preservers of past microbial life. They are also rich in organic carbon, sulfur, oxidized iron (rust), and phosphorus. ‘The combination of chemical compounds we found in the Bright Angel formation could have been a rich source of energy for microbial metabolisms,’ said Perseverance scientist Joel Hurowitz of Stony Brook University, New York, and lead author of the paper.
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The discovery was particularly surprising because it involves some of the youngest sedimentary rocks the mission has investigated. An earlier hypothesis assumed signs of ancient life would be confined to older rock formations. This finding suggests that Mars could have been habitable for a longer period or later in the planet’s history than previously thought, and that older rocks also might hold signs of life that are simply harder to detect.
‘Astrobiological claims, particularly those related to the potential discovery of past extraterrestrial life, require extraordinary evidence,’ said Katie Stack Morgan, Perseverance’s project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. ‘Getting such a significant finding into a peer-reviewed publication is a crucial step in the scientific process.’ Getting data from Perseverance peer-reviewed will help ensure that any conclusions can stand up to scrutiny from the scientific community.
The existence of life, even on a microbial scale, inevitably leaves behind physical evidence it was there. On Earth, biological indicators can be found in a wide range of rock and soil samples, though active geological processes sometimes alter or erase evidence of lifeforms. Mars is not nearly as geologically active as Earth, meaning rocks and soil on Mars have been unchanged for millions of years. That also means whatever life may have once existed on Mars ceased to be a long time ago.
How it Affects You
For the better part of a century, humans have speculated about the potential for life on Mars. The importance of gathering direct, physical evidence from the Martian surface is that it will move the discussion about life on Mars from speculation to actual science.
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