Iranian negotiators informed Pakistan’s top military officer that Iran is unwilling to move toward permanent peace with the United States unless Washington first satisfies key Iranian demands. The position, conveyed during Pakistani Field Marshal Asim Munir’s October 20 visit to Tehran, represents a significant hardening of Iran’s negotiating position and could complicate efforts to end the eight-month-old U.S.-Iran conflict.

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian discussed Pakistani mediation efforts with Munir, while Parliament Speaker Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf said Washington could not restore Iranian trust without fulfilling seven conditions associated with an Iranian proposal for reopening the Strait of Hormuz. Iranian security official Mohsen Rezaei went further, saying there would be no negotiations until the United States took concrete steps to satisfy Tehran’s conditions.

The war between the U.S. and Iran remains unresolved rather than truly frozen. Pakistan helped negotiate the June ‘Islamabad Memorandum,’ an interim agreement intended to reduce fighting, but it unraveled within weeks and U.S.-Iranian hostilities resumed. Maritime insecurity also remains severe, while Iran-linked regional conflicts continue to threaten Saudi Arabia and commercial shipping. Oil prices remain elevated, with Brent trading around $109 per barrel on October 20 amid fears of renewed escalation…

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Although Iran has not publicly detailed every condition with equal specificity, the principal demands are clear. Tehran wants the United States to end its blockade of Iranian ports, remove sanctions preventing Iranian oil exports, and halt hostilities across the region. Iran also refuses to surrender its stockpile of highly enriched uranium. Iranian officials have explicitly said that none of the enriched material will be transferred abroad, directly conflicting with American demands for substantial reductions in Iran’s enrichment capabilities.

The Strait of Hormuz provides Iran with its strongest bargaining chip. Tehran has offered to reopen the waterway within seven days if Washington accepts its conditions. Before the war, roughly one-fifth of global oil and liquefied-natural-gas trade passed through the strait, meaning continued disruption carries enormous economic consequences far beyond Iran and the United States.

Iran’s announcement could make negotiations more difficult in the short term. Washington and Tehran disagree not only about what a final settlement should contain but about the sequence of negotiations. Iran wants American economic and military pressure reduced before substantive talks begin. Washington, by contrast, wants Iranian nuclear concessions, particularly reductions in uranium enrichment, to be part of the process from the outset. Vice President JD Vance has publicly called for a meaningful reduction in Iran’s enrichment capability.

Pakistan has become an influential mediator between the U.S. and Iran. Islamabad has maintained channels with both governments and previously demonstrated that it can bring them toward an agreement. Munir’s mission may now be to identify measures that can occur simultaneously, including limited sanctions relief paired with Iranian nuclear restrictions and phased reopening of Hormuz.

Iran’s tougher negotiating position does not necessarily mean it wants the war to continue. Instead, Tehran appears determined to avoid ending the conflict under terms that resemble surrender. Iranian leaders appear to believe that disruption of energy markets, control over Hormuz, and its ability to sustain regional pressure give it negotiating leverage.

The danger is that Washington may reach the opposite conclusion, that continued military and economic pressure will eventually force Iran to concede. If both governments maintain those assumptions, the current confrontation could persist or escalate before diplomacy again becomes possible.

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