In September 2026, the Iranian-backed Houthi launched a major offensive along Yemen’s Red Sea coast, capturing strategic territory from forces aligned with the internationally recognized Yemeni government. The Houthis seized the port city of Mokha and advanced toward the Bab al-Mandab Strait, a vital maritime passage connecting the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. Their offensive has increased their ability to threaten international shipping at a time when the conflict with Iran has already disrupted oil transportation through the Strait of Hormuz.

Houthi missile and drone attacks against Saudi cities, oil facilities, and shipping have compounded the kingdom’s difficulties. Saudi-backed Yemeni forces, weakened by internal divisions, have struggled to contain the offensive. The renewed fighting has displaced at least 125,000 Yemenis since early September, aggravating an already severe humanitarian crisis.

The Houthi’s recent military advances in Yemen have created another dangerous front in the Middle East conflict, threatening Saudi Arabia’s security and international energy supplies while presenting President Donald Trump with a difficult strategic decision. The Houthis’ resurgence has also proven that Iran has developed a regional proxy force capable of threatening militarily powerful adversaries without deploying Iranian troops…

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Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman repeatedly appealed to President Trump for direct American military intervention, arguing that U.S. airstrikes could help reverse the Houthi offensive. Trump initially refused, offering intelligence and targeting assistance instead.

Although he subsequently directed the Pentagon to prepare possible strikes, he ultimately decided against launching them. According to U.S. officials and reporting by Axios, the administration feared opening another military front and provoking Houthi attacks against international shipping, potentially causing another surge in oil prices.

Washington’s existing agreement with the Houthis likely played a role in President Trump’s decision not to use force at this time. American airstrikes against the group ended in May 2025 following an Oman-mediated understanding under which the Houthis agreed to stop attacking American vessels.

During recent communications through Oman, Houthi representatives reportedly reassured Washington that they would continue respecting that arrangement and would not attack non-Saudi shipping. Another possibility is that reports of U.S. munitions shortages have some substance, and the Trump Administration’s reluctance to resume attacks against the Houthi is proof.

Since capturing Yemen’s capital, Sanaa, in 2014, the Houthi have transformed from a predominantly local insurgency into an organization possessing ballistic missiles, sophisticated drones, and maritime attack capabilities.

Iranian weapons, technical assistance, and training have contributed significantly to that transformation, while Yemen’s mountainous terrain has helped the Houthis survive repeated bombing campaigns. Former Supreme Allied Commander of NATO retired Admiral Stavridis said the Houthi now have a “Navy SEAL-like capability” for attacking commercial shipping.

The Houthis are not entirely subordinate to orders from Iran; they also pursue their own political and territorial objectives. Their established military capabilities and proximity to vital shipping routes enable them to impose substantial economic costs on Saudi Arabia and other countries while advancing their own interests.

Their latest offensive illustrates how Iranian support has helped an armed movement acquire the capacity to influence regional security and global commerce. For Washington and Riyadh, the challenge is containing that expanding military and economic threat and preventing the Houthi from taking over the entire country of Yemen. If the Houthi were to become the dominant power in Yemen, they could wreak havoc on commercial shipping and the global economy.

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